A MAN WHOM TO WE ARE FAMILIAR WITH
After returning to India, Mahatma Gandhi joined Indian National Congress and Gandhi took leadership and responsibility of the Congress in 1920 and began escalating demands until on 26 January 1930 the Indian National Congress declared the independence of India.Mahatma spent his first year in India traveling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs, and overall situation and also the difficulties and problems they were facing.His earliest interventions were in local gestures in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad where he comes in contact with Rajendra Prasad and Vallabhai Patel. In Ahmedabad, he led a successful millworkers` strike in 1918.In 1919, the British passed Rowlatt Act which curbed fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and also strengthened police powers. Gandhiji, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and some others also felt that the British had no right to curb people`s basic rights. So, Gandhiji gave a call for a Satyagraha against that act which came to be known as Rowlatt Satyagraha. It was the first all India struggle against the British Government. In April there were a number of demonstrations and hartals all over the country and the government tried brutal methods to break this strike, the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, inflicted by General Dyer on 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day) was also a part of this repression.When Rabindranath Tagore learned about this massacre showed his pain and anger by returning the Knighthood given By British to him.In 1920, British passed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. People were desperate about it as they have just been about the Jallianwala Massacre.Also, the Muslims in India were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire. The leaders of Khilafat agitation who were Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali now wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation with Gandhiji and Gandhiji supported their call and asked Congress to campaign against "Punjab wrongs ", Khilafat wrongs' and demand swaraj(freedom).The Non -Cooperation Movement gained momentum in 1921-1922 as thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges, many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das (Chitta Ranjan Das ), Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices.British Titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted.The imports of foreign clothes fell drastically during 1920-1922.Mahatma Gandhi abruptly off Non-cooperation movement when in February 1922 a group of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura in Bihar.The peasants were in anger as the police had fired their peaceful demonstration.Once the Non-Cooperation Movement was ended, Gandhiji preachers stressed that Congress must undertake constructive work in villages. Through the sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, The Gandhians were able to expand their support in villages which proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.Mahatma Gandhi said that Purna Swaraj (complete independence) would not come on its own, it had to be fought for.In 1930, Gandhiji declared that he would lead a march to break the salt law.According to this law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt. Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt as it is such an essential and common item of our daily food routine.During the Salt Satyagraha, even Mahatma Gandhi Sarojini Naidu ( Nightingale of India) had to persuade Gandhiji to allow women participation.
Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore, and boiling sea water to produce salt.
Peasants, tribals, and women participated in large numbers.A business federation also issued a pamphlet on the salt issue.The government tried to crush the movement through brutal action against peaceful satyagrahis .The combined struggle of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937.The Congress formed Government in 7 out of 11 provinces.In September 1939, after 2 years of Congress rule, the second world war broke out.Critical of Hitler, Congress leaders were ready to support the British war effort.But in return, they wanted that India should be granted Independence after the war.The British refused to concede the demand.The Congress ministries resigned in protest.Mahatma Gandhi decided to initiate a new phase of a movement against the British in the middle of the second world war. Gandhiji said that Britishers must leave India.He said the people"Do or Die" in the effort to invade the British but People must use non-violent methods.Peasants and the young people were mostly attracted by this. Gandhiji and his followers were also executed at once but the movement spread all over India.Communications and the symbols of state organization were assaulted all over the nation by the people, Even in some areas, people make up their own governments.
But the British responded to this movement brutally. Thousands were executed and killed in police open firing.
But at the end, due to his hardships and other freedom fighters sacrifices, British finally leave India and got Independence on 15 August 1947.
On January 30, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi fell to his killer Nathuram Vinayak Godse’s bullets during an evening prayer ceremony at Birla House in Delhi. While sitting at the top of a gate of Birla House, Our First Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru generally known as Chacha Nehru declared to the world with sorrow that “light has gone out of our lives”.
Eight men were condemned in the murder trial inside Red Fort by a special court, composed by an order of the Central Government. Godse and Co-Conspirator Narayan Apte were hanged for killing Gandhiji on November 15, 1949.
A MAN WHOSE PRINCIPLES ARE STILL FOLLOWED TODAY
A MAN WHO IS INSPIRATION FOR MANY OF US
A MAN WHOM WE SEE EVERYDAY IN OUR CURRENCY NOTES
A MAN WHO WAS AGAINST VIOLENCE
A MAN WHO WANTS INDIA TO BE A SECULAR NATION
A MAN WHO LED MANY ANDOLANS TO FREE OUR NATION FROM BRITISH
FRIENDS, I THINK YOU MUST HAVE GOTTEN FOR WHICH MAN I AM SPEAKING
YES, I AM TALKING ABOUT THE FATHER OF THE NATION, MAHATMA GANDHI.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi/Bapu was born on
October 2,1869.He was a famous Indian nationalist and also the leader of the Indian Freedom movement against British rule.The title 'Mahatma' was first used with his name in South Africa and still this title is in use globally.He is also known as the father of the nation(unofficially).
He belonged to a Hindu caste family which lived in the Porbandar in the Coastal Gujarat situated in the Western part of India.His father was Karamchand
Uttamchand Gandhi who was the CM of that state.
During this term, his father married 4 times, his first two wives died at the young age and his third marriage was childless.In 1857, after getting acceptance from his third wife to remarry, he married Putlibai.After the coming decade, Putlibai gave birth to three children, a son named Laxmidas, a daughter Raliatbehn and another son-Karsandas.
Then on October 2, 1869, Putlibai gave birth to her last child, Mohandas. In May 1883 Mohandas married Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia who was one year elder than him.In 1885, when Mohandas
was 16 years old and Kasturba was 17 years old gave birth to her first child who survived only a few
days and in the same year his father also passed on which hurt Mohandas very much. In 1887, Gandhi got graduated. In 1888, he got recruited at Samaldas College in Bhavnagar State but got dropped out. So he returned to his family living in Porbandar. Mohandas was from poor family and got dropped out from the cheapest college he could afford.And then on the advice of a Brahmin preacher and also a family friend, Mavji Dave Joshiji, he started considering about law studies in England.
In 1891, When Gandhi left London to India, he gets to know that his mother passed away and his family members do not reveal this mishappening to him so as not to disturb his studies.
In April 1893, he sailed for South Africa and spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views. In 1885, Gandhiji along with other Indians formed Natal Congress here.
At the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, conveyed to him by C.F.Andrews, Gandhi returned to India in 1915.Gandhi's ideas of protests, persuasion skills, and public relations had emerged which he took back to India in 1915 when he aged 46 years. Mohandas brought an international reputation as a leading Indian nationalist, theorist and also a community organizer.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi/Bapu was born on
October 2,1869.He was a famous Indian nationalist and also the leader of the Indian Freedom movement against British rule.The title 'Mahatma' was first used with his name in South Africa and still this title is in use globally.He is also known as the father of the nation(unofficially).
Uttamchand Gandhi who was the CM of that state.
During this term, his father married 4 times, his first two wives died at the young age and his third marriage was childless.In 1857, after getting acceptance from his third wife to remarry, he married Putlibai.After the coming decade, Putlibai gave birth to three children, a son named Laxmidas, a daughter Raliatbehn and another son-Karsandas.
Then on October 2, 1869, Putlibai gave birth to her last child, Mohandas. In May 1883 Mohandas married Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia who was one year elder than him.In 1885, when Mohandas
was 16 years old and Kasturba was 17 years old gave birth to her first child who survived only a few
days and in the same year his father also passed on which hurt Mohandas very much. In 1887, Gandhi got graduated. In 1888, he got recruited at Samaldas College in Bhavnagar State but got dropped out. So he returned to his family living in Porbandar. Mohandas was from poor family and got dropped out from the cheapest college he could afford.And then on the advice of a Brahmin preacher and also a family friend, Mavji Dave Joshiji, he started considering about law studies in England.
Her mother was not happy about Mohandas going far away from his wife and his family as his wife had given birth to her first surviving son named Harilal that time. His uncle also tried to dissuade his nephew but Mohandas wanted to go and his brother, Laxmidas also sported him, so Mohandas promised his mother that he will abstain from alcohol, meat, and women.On August 1888, Mohandas left Porbandar for Bombay(now Mumbai) and Gandhi sailed from Bombay to London and his brother saw him off.
In London, Mohandas studied law.In 1891, When Gandhi left London to India, he gets to know that his mother passed away and his family members do not reveal this mishappening to him so as not to disturb his studies.
In April 1893, he sailed for South Africa and spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views. In 1885, Gandhiji along with other Indians formed Natal Congress here.
After returning to India, Mahatma Gandhi joined Indian National Congress and Gandhi took leadership and responsibility of the Congress in 1920 and began escalating demands until on 26 January 1930 the Indian National Congress declared the independence of India.Mahatma spent his first year in India traveling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs, and overall situation and also the difficulties and problems they were facing.His earliest interventions were in local gestures in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad where he comes in contact with Rajendra Prasad and Vallabhai Patel. In Ahmedabad, he led a successful millworkers` strike in 1918.In 1919, the British passed Rowlatt Act which curbed fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and also strengthened police powers. Gandhiji, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and some others also felt that the British had no right to curb people`s basic rights. So, Gandhiji gave a call for a Satyagraha against that act which came to be known as Rowlatt Satyagraha. It was the first all India struggle against the British Government. In April there were a number of demonstrations and hartals all over the country and the government tried brutal methods to break this strike, the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, inflicted by General Dyer on 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day) was also a part of this repression.When Rabindranath Tagore learned about this massacre showed his pain and anger by returning the Knighthood given By British to him.In 1920, British passed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. People were desperate about it as they have just been about the Jallianwala Massacre.Also, the Muslims in India were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire. The leaders of Khilafat agitation who were Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali now wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation with Gandhiji and Gandhiji supported their call and asked Congress to campaign against "Punjab wrongs ", Khilafat wrongs' and demand swaraj(freedom).The Non -Cooperation Movement gained momentum in 1921-1922 as thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges, many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das (Chitta Ranjan Das ), Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices.British Titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted.The imports of foreign clothes fell drastically during 1920-1922.Mahatma Gandhi abruptly off Non-cooperation movement when in February 1922 a group of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura in Bihar.The peasants were in anger as the police had fired their peaceful demonstration.Once the Non-Cooperation Movement was ended, Gandhiji preachers stressed that Congress must undertake constructive work in villages. Through the sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, The Gandhians were able to expand their support in villages which proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.Mahatma Gandhi said that Purna Swaraj (complete independence) would not come on its own, it had to be fought for.In 1930, Gandhiji declared that he would lead a march to break the salt law.According to this law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt. Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt as it is such an essential and common item of our daily food routine.During the Salt Satyagraha, even Mahatma Gandhi Sarojini Naidu ( Nightingale of India) had to persuade Gandhiji to allow women participation.
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| Gandhiji with Sarojini Naidu in 1931,Paris |
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| Mahatma Gandhi Breaking salt law by picking a lump of natural salt, Dandi,6 April 1930 |
Peasants, tribals, and women participated in large numbers.A business federation also issued a pamphlet on the salt issue.The government tried to crush the movement through brutal action against peaceful satyagrahis .The combined struggle of the Indian people bore fruit when the Government Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937.The Congress formed Government in 7 out of 11 provinces.In September 1939, after 2 years of Congress rule, the second world war broke out.Critical of Hitler, Congress leaders were ready to support the British war effort.But in return, they wanted that India should be granted Independence after the war.The British refused to concede the demand.The Congress ministries resigned in protest.Mahatma Gandhi decided to initiate a new phase of a movement against the British in the middle of the second world war. Gandhiji said that Britishers must leave India.He said the people"Do or Die" in the effort to invade the British but People must use non-violent methods.Peasants and the young people were mostly attracted by this. Gandhiji and his followers were also executed at once but the movement spread all over India.Communications and the symbols of state organization were assaulted all over the nation by the people, Even in some areas, people make up their own governments.
But the British responded to this movement brutally. Thousands were executed and killed in police open firing.
But at the end, due to his hardships and other freedom fighters sacrifices, British finally leave India and got Independence on 15 August 1947.
On January 30, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi fell to his killer Nathuram Vinayak Godse’s bullets during an evening prayer ceremony at Birla House in Delhi. While sitting at the top of a gate of Birla House, Our First Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru generally known as Chacha Nehru declared to the world with sorrow that “light has gone out of our lives”.
Eight men were condemned in the murder trial inside Red Fort by a special court, composed by an order of the Central Government. Godse and Co-Conspirator Narayan Apte were hanged for killing Gandhiji on November 15, 1949.
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